2.10 JDBC APIs for Database Connectivity (java.sql package)
-
If
any java application or an applet wants to connect with a database then there
are various classes and interfaces available in java.sql package.
-
Depending
on the requirements these classes and interfaces can be used.
-
Some
of them are list out the below which are used to perform the various tasks with
database as well as for connection.
-
Provides
the API for accessing and processing data stored in a data source (usually a
relational database) using the Java programming language.
-
This
API includes a framework whereby different drivers can be installed dynamically
to access different data sources.
-
Although
the JDBC API is mainly geared to passing SQL statements to a database, it
provides for reading and writing data from any data source with a tabular
format.
-
Although
the JDBC API is mainly geared to passing SQL statements to a database, it
provides for reading and writing data from any data source with a tabular
format.
-
The
reader/writer facility, available through the
javax.sql.RowSet
group of interfaces, can be customized to use and update data from:
1) Spread sheet,
2) Flat file, or
3) Tabular data
source.
-
java.sql package, referred to as the JDBC core API.
-
And
the
javax.sql package, referred
to as the JDBC Optional Package API.
-
This
complete JDBC API is included in the Java Standard Edition (Java SE), version
6.
-
The
javax.sql package extends the
functionality of the JDBC API from a client-side API to a server-side API.
-
And
it is an essential part of the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
technology.
-
The
class
SQLPermission was added in
the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, version 1.3 release.
-
This
class is used to prevent unauthorized access to the logging stream associated
with the
DriverManager.
-
Which
may contain information such as:
1) Table names,
2) Column data, and
3) So on…
RDBMS
|
JDBC driver name
|
URL format
|
Access
|
sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
|
jdbc:odbc:<database_name>
|
MySQL
|
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
|
jdbc:mysql://hostname/ databaseName
|
ORACLE
|
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
|
jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:port Number:databaseName
|
-
Some
of them are list out the below which are used to perform the various tasks with
database as well as for connection.
-
Class or
Interface
|
Description
|
Java.sql.Connection
|
Create a
connection with specific database
|
Java.sql.DriverManager
|
The task of
DriverManager is to manage the database driver
|
Java.sql.Statement
|
It executes
SQL statements for particular connection and retrieve the results
|
Java.sql.PreparedStatement
|
It allows the
programmer to create prepared SQL statements
|
Java.sql.CallableStatement
|
It executes
stored procedures
|
Java.sql.ResultSet
|
This
interface provides methods to get result row by row generated by SELECT
statements
|
-
v What the java.sql Package Contains :
-
The java.sql
package contains API for the following:
- Making a connection with a database via the DriverManager facility :
1)
DriverManager class :
§
Makes a
connection with a driver
2)
SQLPermission class :
§
Provides
permission when code running within a Security Manager, such as an applet,
attempts to set up a logging stream through the DriverManager.
3)
Driver interface :
§
Provides the
API for registering and connecting drivers based on JDBC technology ("JDBC
drivers");
§
generally used
only by the DriverManager class
4)
DriverPropertyInfo class :
§
Provides
properties for a JDBC driver;
§
Not used by the
general user
- Sending SQL statements to a database :
1)
Statement :
§
Used to send
basic SQL statements.
§
The
Statement interface is used for to execute a static query.
2)
PreparedStatement :
§
Used to send
prepared statements or basic SQL statements (derived from Statement)
3)
CallableStatement :
§
Used to call
database stored procedures (derived from PreparedStatement)
4)
Connection interface :
§
Urovides
methods for creating statements and managing connections and their properties
5)
Savepoint :
§
Provides
savepoints in a transaction
- Retrieving and updating the results of a query :
1)
ResultSet interface :
- Standard mappings : (for SQL types to classes and interfaces in the Java programming language)
1)
Array interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
ARRAY
2)
Blob interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
BLOB
3)
Clob interface
§
Mapping for SQL
CLOB
4)
Date class :
§
Mapping for SQL
DATE
5)
NClob interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
NCLOB
6)
Ref interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
REF
7)
RowId interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
ROWID
8)
Struct interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
STRUCT
9)
SQLXML interface :
§
Mapping for SQL
XML
10)
Time class :
§
Mapping for SQL
TIME
11)
Timestamp class :
§
Mapping for SQL
TIMESTAMP
12)
Types class :
§
provides
constants for SQL types
- Custom mapping : (an SQL user-defined type (UDT) to a class in the Java programming language)
1)
SQLData interface :
§
Specifies the
mapping of a UDT to an instance of this class
2)
SQLInput interface :
§
Provides
methods for reading UDT attributes from a stream
3)
SQLOutput interface :
§
Provides
methods for writing UDT attributes back to a stream
- Metadata :
1)
DatabaseMetaData interface :
§
Provides
information about the database
2)
ResultSetMetaData interface :
§
Provides
information about the columns of a ResultSet object
3)
ParameterMetaData interface :
§
Provides
information about the parameters to PreparedStatement commands
- Exceptions :
1)
SQLException :
§
Thrown by most
methods when there is a problem accessing data and by some methods for other
reasons
2)
SQLWarning :
§
Thrown to
indicate a warning
3)
DataTruncation :
§
Thrown to
indicate that data may have been truncated
4)
BatchUpdateException :
§
Thrown to
indicate that not all commands in a batch update executed successfully
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